Opioid Misuse and Its Impact
The opioid crisis represents a significant public health challenge in the U.S. Over the past decade, fatalities due to opioid overdoses have been steadily increasing, and hospital admissions linked to opioids are alarmingly high. But what exactly are opioids, and how can their misuse be prevented?
Opioids are medications prescribed to alleviate pain from moderate to severe levels. Physicians often recommend them post-surgery or after injuries, though they might also be prescribed for persistent pain conditions. This category includes both prescribed drugs and illegal substances such as:
- Morphine
- Vicodin
- OxyContin
- Codeine
- Fentanyl
- Heroin
These substances pose risks that can lead to misuse, addiction, or dependency, which is termed as opioid use disorder (OUD).
Understanding Opioid Antagonists
Naloxone and naltrexone are known as opioid antagonists. These substances interact with opioid receptors in the brain, preventing the effects of opioids. However, what distinguishes naltrexone from naloxone? Although they appear similar, their functions and applications in the body are quite distinct.
Key differences exist between these two drugs. Naloxone serves as an antidote for opioid overdoses, while naltrexone is utilized to manage substance use disorders by lessening cravings and reducing relapse risks. Let’s delve into each medication for further clarity.
Exploring Naloxone
Also referred to as Narcan, naloxone swiftly counteracts an opioid overdose. It acts rapidly to restore normal breathing if it has been compromised due to an overdose. Research also indicates naloxone's potential in alleviating neuropathic pain.
Naloxone is effective against opioids like heroin, morphine, and oxycodone but is not used for treating opioid use disorders, unlike naltrexone. It specifically targets opioids and does not affect substances such as alcohol, tranquilizers, cocaine, or amphetamines.
Exploring Naltrexone
Naltrexone is available in tablet form or as an extended-release injectable for treating alcohol and opioid dependencies. It is also used for other purposes, like treating septic shock. Doctors prescribe the tablet for daily consumption, while healthcare professionals administer the injectable monthly.
Naltrexone aids in minimizing relapse risks and cravings. It is a crucial component in treating alcohol and opioid dependencies, especially when combined with other recovery strategies like therapy and behavioral interventions. It supports long-term abstinence and recovery and is generally non-addictive with minimal misuse potential.
Comparing Administration of Naloxone and Naltrexone
Naloxone is administered as a nasal spray or auto-injector. In medical facilities, it is given intravenously. The nasal spray can be used by anyone while the recipient lies down. Doctors administer the injection into the thigh. Recognizing opioid overdose symptoms is crucial for timely naloxone administration. Typical signs include:
- Pinpoint pupils
- Breathing problems
- Loss of consciousness
These symptoms form the "opioid overdose triad." Immediate naloxone administration is vital if these symptoms manifest. If naloxone isn't available, urgent medical help should be sought. Dial 911 even if you're uncertain of the symptoms—it could save a life.
Effects of Naloxone vs. Naltrexone
Naloxone works instantly, whereas naltrexone takes effect more gradually. Naloxone rapidly blocks opioids in the brain to counteract overdose effects, typically acting within five minutes. Prompt administration increases survival chances.
Despite a similar chemical structure to naltrexone, naloxone acts as a short-duration opioid blocker. It's a single-dose medication, with effects dissipating in 30 minutes and fully vanishing after 90 minutes. Multiple doses might be necessary for long-acting opioid overdoses.
Side Effects of Naloxone and Naltrexone
All substances affect neurotransmitters, hormones, and body functions, leading to potential side effects. Nevertheless, serious side effects from naloxone are rare compared to the fatal consequences of an overdose. Naloxone is unlikely to harm, even if the cause of unconsciousness is unclear.
Some side effects of naloxone relate to acute opioid withdrawal, including:
- Aches
- Increased heart rate
- Irritability
- Agitation
- Runny nose
- Seizures
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Appetite loss
Common side effects of naltrexone include:
- Headaches
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Appetite reduction
- Muscle or joint discomfort
- Constipation
- Dizziness
- Irritability
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Energy fluctuations
- Abdominal pain
- Dental pain
- Cold-like symptoms
In conclusion, opioid inhibitors are crucial in addressing opioid misuse or overdose. For further information on medically-assisted detox and initiating your recovery, contact a specialist at Impact Recovery today.
